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Acute Kidney Injury in the Neonatal Period: Retrospective Data and Implications for Clinical Practice
Meidad Greenberg1, Saray Sity-Harel1, Sydney Benchetrit2,3
1Department of Pediatrics, Meir Medical Center, 59 Tchernichovsky St., Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 29, 2025
Summary
Neonatal acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant concern, especially for premature infants. Long-term follow-up is crucial, as many survivors develop hypertension and proteinuria.
Area of Science:
- Neonatology
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Neonates, especially premature and low birth weight infants, are at high risk for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI).
- Perinatal and maternal factors associated with preterm delivery contribute significantly to this risk.
- AKI in neonates requires careful monitoring due to potential long-term complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the incidence and long-term outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in neonates.
- To assess the prevalence of hypertension and proteinuria in neonates following AKI.
- To highlight the need for structured follow-up protocols for affected infants.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study design.
- Analysis of neonates admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with a diagnosis of AKI.
- Inclusion of follow-up data, including blood pressure measurements and urinalysis, for a subset of patients.
Main Results:
- Out of 971 neonates admitted to the PICU, 47 were diagnosed with AKI.
- Thirty-four neonates with available long-term data were included in the analysis.
- Hypertension was detected in 13 of 26 subjects (50%) with blood pressure data, and 6 of 34 subjects (17.6%) exhibited proteinuria.
Conclusions:
- Neonatal AKI is associated with significant long-term renal complications, including hypertension and proteinuria.
- Clinical awareness and structured, long-term follow-up are essential for managing neonates who have experienced AKI.
- Early identification and management of complications can improve outcomes for these vulnerable infants.
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