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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
Published on: January 7, 2019
Cell Carriers for Oncolytic Virus Delivery: Prospects for Systemic Administration
Viktoria A Sarkisova1,2, Alexandra A Dalina1, Daria O Neymysheva1
1Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Abstract:
Treatment of malignant diseases using oncolytic viruses (OVs) is currently considered a promising therapeutic approach. Initial encouraging results fueled a large number of clinical trials, showcasing favorable safety profiles of OVs-but therapeutic outcomes remain far from perfect. The efficacy of systemically administered OVs is limited due to rapid immune clearance and suboptimal biodistribution, while locally administered OVs encounter an additional barrier of poor bioavailability. Cell-based carriers that can shield viral particles and provide tumor-targeted OV delivery, represent one of the potential ways to address these challenges. The feasibility of this approach was demonstrated using a broad range of cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), different subsets of immune cells, and cancer cell lines. The resulting spectrum of carriers can be viewed as a multifaceted tool, taking into account the specific properties, advantages, and limitations of each cell carrier type discussed in this review. Careful consideration of these features will provide the basis for successful development of cell-based OV delivery platforms.
Insights
Cell-based carriers offer a promising strategy to improve oncolytic virus (OV) therapy for malignant diseases by enhancing delivery and overcoming immune clearance. This approach utilizes various cell types to shield and target OVs effectively.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Virology
- Biotechnology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Oncolytic viruses (OVs) show promise for treating malignant diseases, with many clinical trials demonstrating safety.
- However, systemic OV administration faces challenges like immune clearance and poor biodistribution.
- Local OV delivery is hindered by limited bioavailability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the potential of cell-based carriers for improving oncolytic virus (OV) delivery in cancer therapy.
- To explore various cell types as carriers for shielding and targeting OVs to tumors.
- To analyze the advantages and limitations of different cell carrier strategies.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on cell-based delivery systems for oncolytic viruses.
- Analysis of different cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), immune cells, and cancer cell lines, as potential carriers.
- Evaluation of the feasibility and effectiveness of these cell-based platforms.
Main Results:
- Cell-based carriers can shield oncolytic viruses (OVs) from immune clearance.
- Various cell types, including MSCs and NSCs, have demonstrated feasibility as OV carriers.
- These carriers can improve tumor-targeted delivery and bioavailability of OVs.
Conclusions:
- Cell-based carriers represent a multifaceted tool to enhance oncolytic virus (OV) therapy for malignant diseases.
- Careful selection of cell carrier types, considering their specific properties, is crucial for successful development.
- This approach offers a potential solution to overcome current limitations in OV efficacy and delivery.
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