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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

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Cell Carriers for Oncolytic Virus Delivery: Prospects for Systemic Administration.

Viktoria A Sarkisova1,2, Alexandra A Dalina1, Daria O Neymysheva1

  • 1Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.

Cancers
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Cell-based carriers offer a promising strategy to improve oncolytic virus (OV) therapy for malignant diseases by enhancing delivery and overcoming immune clearance. This approach utilizes various cell types to shield and target OVs effectively.

Keywords:
cell carrierscell therapyoncolytic virussystemic virus deliveryvirotherapy

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Genome-wide RNAi Screening to Identify Host Factors That Modulate Oncolytic Virus Therapy
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Biotechnology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Oncolytic viruses (OVs) show promise for treating malignant diseases, with many clinical trials demonstrating safety.
  • However, systemic OV administration faces challenges like immune clearance and poor biodistribution.
  • Local OV delivery is hindered by limited bioavailability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of cell-based carriers for improving oncolytic virus (OV) delivery in cancer therapy.
  • To explore various cell types as carriers for shielding and targeting OVs to tumors.
  • To analyze the advantages and limitations of different cell carrier strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cell-based delivery systems for oncolytic viruses.
  • Analysis of different cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), immune cells, and cancer cell lines, as potential carriers.
  • Evaluation of the feasibility and effectiveness of these cell-based platforms.

Main Results:

  • Cell-based carriers can shield oncolytic viruses (OVs) from immune clearance.
  • Various cell types, including MSCs and NSCs, have demonstrated feasibility as OV carriers.
  • These carriers can improve tumor-targeted delivery and bioavailability of OVs.

Conclusions:

  • Cell-based carriers represent a multifaceted tool to enhance oncolytic virus (OV) therapy for malignant diseases.
  • Careful selection of cell carrier types, considering their specific properties, is crucial for successful development.
  • This approach offers a potential solution to overcome current limitations in OV efficacy and delivery.