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Staphylococcus Strains in Atopic Dermatitis in Children: Toxins Production and Resistance Properties

Asya Kudryavtseva1, Fyodor Fluer2, Lusine Khachatryan3

  • 1Escuela de Medicina y Centro de Estudios e Investigación en Salud y Sociedad (CEISS), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 29, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) may play a role in atopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenesis by producing toxins and exhibiting antibiotic resistance. Severe AD shows increased colonization by toxin-producing CoNS and Staphylococcus aureus.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Dermatology
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Staphylococcus species skin colonization is implicated in atopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenesis.
  • While Staphylococcus aureus is known to exacerbate AD, the role of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) is less understood.
  • Clarifying CoNS pathogenicity in AD is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency and characteristics of staphylococcal colonization in children with AD.
  • To assess the toxin-producing capabilities and antibiotic resistance profiles of isolated staphylococcal strains.
  • To elucidate the specific contribution of CoNS to AD severity.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 329 children with AD (mean age 4.89 years) was studied.
  • Staphylococcal colonization on affected skin was quantified.
  • Isolated strains were analyzed for toxin production (enterotoxins, TSST-1) and antibiotic resistance, including MRSA and MRSE.

Main Results:

  • Mild AD was predominantly colonized by CoNS (e.g., S. epidermidis).
  • Moderate to severe AD showed increased S. aureus colonization.
  • Toxin-producing CoNS strains, particularly enterotoxin A producers, were more prevalent in severe AD.
  • CoNS exhibited higher antibiotic resistance rates (MRSE 23.4%) compared to S. aureus (MRSA 1.27%).

Conclusions:

  • CoNS may contribute to AD pathogenesis via toxin production and antibiotic resistance, potentially exacerbating inflammation and complicating treatment.
  • Severe AD may involve synergistic effects between S. aureus and toxin-producing CoNS.
  • Further research into CoNS pathogenicity in AD is warranted.

Keywords:
Staphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus epidermidisantibiotic resistanceatopic dermatitischildrenenterotoxinstoxic shock syndrome toxin-1

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