Circulating microRNAs as Potential Diagnostic Tools for Asthma and for Indicating Severe Asthma Risk

Asthma places a significant burden at individual and societal levels, but there remains no gold-standard objective test for asthma diagnosis or asthma severity risk prediction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA sequences that are attracting interest as biological signatures of health and disease status. We sought to construct serum miRNA panels that could serve as potential biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis of asthma and predict asthma severity. Thirty-five asthma-related miRNAs were screened in the serum of three patient groups (never-asthma, mild-asthma, and severe-asthma; n = 50/group) drawn from two well-characterised cohorts. miRCURY LNA technology was used, followed by GeneGlobe analysis. The associations of miRNA expression with clinical outcomes of interest and diagnostic value of the proposed miRNA panels were assessed. We identified an asthma diagnosis panel comprising upregulated miR-223-3p, miR-191-5p, and miR-197-3p (area under curve (AUC) = 0.813, sensitivity 76% and specificity 72%). Compared with mild-asthma individuals, we also identified an asthma severity risk panel comprising upregulated miR-223-3p plus downregulated miR-30a-5p, miR-660-5p, and miR-125b-5p (AUC = 0.759, sensitivity 78%, specificity 64%). Individual miRNAs showed associations with worse clinical asthma severity and impaired quality of life. miRNA panels with high sensitivity and specificity offer potential as biomarkers for asthma diagnosis and asthma severity.