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The cytonuclear interactions during grapevine domestication.

Ting Hou1,2, Yanshuai Xu2,3, Yang Dong2

  • 1Institute of Grape Science and Engineering, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cytonuclear interactions are crucial for plant evolution. In grape domestication, nuclear-mitochondrial segments (NUMTs) promote interactions, influencing gene regulation and breeding.

Keywords:
NUMTsNUPTsgrapevinemitochondrial structural variationviticulture

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genomics and evolution
  • Cytonuclear interactions
  • Crop domestication

Background:

  • Cytoplasmic genomes (mitochondria and plastids) interact with the nuclear genome in plants.
  • The role of these cytonuclear interactions during crop domestication remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cytonuclear interactions during grapevine domestication.
  • To understand the impact of structural variations and genomic segments on these interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Assembly of pan-mitogenome, pan-plastome, and haplotype-resolved nuclear genomes using long-read sequencing.
  • Analysis of nuclear-mitochondrial segments (NUMTs) and nuclear-plastid segments (NUPTs).
  • Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) to identify candidate genes.

Main Results:

  • Structural variations led to gene duplications in the mitogenome during domestication.
  • NUMTs were more abundant in cultivated grapes and under strong selection, while NUPTs were more common in wild grapes.
  • 84 candidate genes associated with cytonuclear interactions were identified, including the PFD1 gene, with NUMTs showing a higher density of these genes.

Conclusions:

  • NUMTs play a significant role in mediating cytonuclear interactions during grapevine domestication.
  • These findings provide novel insights into the evolutionary impact of cytonuclear interactions on plant genetics and breeding.