Wavelength-Specific Biofilm Control from Internally UV-Emitting Glass Surfaces

This study introduces a novel wavelength-specific approach to biofilm inhibition using UV-emitting glass (UEG). Microorganisms rapidly form biofilms on wetted surfaces, posing significant operational and health risks. UEGs offer a consumable-free alternative to traditional antifouling coatings through bottom-up UV irradiance, enhancing both oxidative and direct photolytic inhibition mechanisms. We evaluated UEG effectiveness by comparing log reduction values (LRV) and biofilm structural differences across different wavelengths, while detailing electrical power consumption calculations for comparison with other electrically driven biofilm inhibition technologies. The 265 nm UEG achieved the highest biofilm inhibition performance with >3 LRV and >95% visible biofilm reduction during 8-day submersion at 1.01 ± 0.55 mW/cm² power consumption. Notably, 365 and 310 nm UEGs achieved >0.4 and >1.9 LRV despite significantly lower germicidal benefits. The thickness of the established biofilm, however, was the same across all substrates. This research explores UEG's unique characteristics and evaluates energy requirements and biofilm inhibition efficiency across UV spectra. The developed methods significantly impact innovative, low-energy UV-emitting surface technology, which reduces energy use and environmental impact compared to traditional UV sources. These findings are crucial for the marine, water treatment, and healthcare industries where biofouling and infection control are essential.