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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

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Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
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Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

190
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

278
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
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Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid01:22

Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid

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Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
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Correction: Kang, W.; Malvaso, A. Personality Functioning in Current Epilepsy Patients and People Recovered from Epilepsy. <i>Reports</i> 2023, <i>6</i>, 21.

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Personality Functioning in Current Epilepsy Patients and People Recovered from Epilepsy.

Weixi Kang1, Antonio Malvaso2

  • 1UK DRI Care Research and Technology Centre, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK.

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|July 29, 2025
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Summary

Epilepsy recovery significantly impacts personality traits. Individuals who recovered showed lower Neuroticism and higher Openness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion compared to those who did not recover.

Keywords:
conscientiousnessepilepsyextraversionneuroticismopennesspersonality

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neurology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder affecting millions worldwide.
  • Understanding the long-term effects of epilepsy, including personality changes, is crucial for patient care.
  • Previous research has not fully explored the relationship between epilepsy recovery and personality traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of epilepsy recovery on core personality traits.
  • To compare personality profiles of individuals with current epilepsy versus those in remission.
  • To identify potential psychophysiological pathways linking epilepsy recovery and personality.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS), a large, representative UK cohort.
  • Employed predictive normative modelling and one-sample t-tests for statistical analysis.
  • Analyzed personality trait differences between 190 current epilepsy patients and 102 previous epilepsy patients.

Main Results:

  • Individuals who recovered from epilepsy exhibited significantly lower Neuroticism scores.
  • Recovered epilepsy patients demonstrated higher scores in Openness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion.
  • These differences persisted after controlling for demographic covariates.

Conclusions:

  • Epilepsy recovery is associated with distinct shifts in personality traits, particularly a decrease in Neuroticism and an increase in other key traits.
  • Personality changes post-recovery may be mediated by psychophysiological factors.
  • Findings can inform healthcare professionals in developing personalized post-discharge care plans considering personality traits.