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Published on: September 20, 2016
A systematic literature review of MTAP deletions in solid and hematologic Cancers
Mary C Clouser1, Mina Suh2, Naimisha Movva2
1Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
Background:
Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) deficiency is observed across multiple cancers and represents an emerging biomarker with therapeutic potential via synthetic lethality with PRMT5 inhibition. This systematic literature review summarizes the prevalence of MTAP deletions or loss of expression and prognostic impacts of MTAP deletions or loss in adult and pediatric patients with specific solid or hematologic cancers.
Methods:
Following PRISMA methodology, the literature on MTAP deletion or loss in multiple cancer types was reviewed. Prevalence, laboratory testing methods, patient characteristics, and clinical outcomes according to MTAP status were synthesized. Study quality was determined using standard tools.
Results:
Of the 352 identified studies, 37 reported on MTAP. The majority were retrospective cohorts (N=32; 86%). The most common laboratory test type was NGS, specifically FoundationOne (N=7, 24%). MTAP deletion (loss) prevalence varied across tumor types and were generally lowest in gastric cancer (4%-14%) and highest in glioblastoma (26%-60%). MTAP deletion was correlated with higher prevalence of KRAS. Variation by age, gender, and race/ethnicity were inconsistently reported. Survival outcomes were reported most often for GBM and NSCLC with some studies suggesting worse overall survival among patients with MTAP deletions, although the evidence was heterogeneous.
Conclusion:
This is the first systematic review to summarize the literature on MTAP deletions or loss of expression across several solid and hematologic cancers. MTAP deletions and/or loss of expression occur in many cancer types, presenting a promising target for pan-cancer therapy.
Insights
Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) deficiency is found in many cancers, showing potential as a pan-cancer therapeutic target. This review details MTAP loss prevalence and its prognostic impact across various cancer types.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Cancer Genomics
Background:
- Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) deficiency is prevalent in numerous cancers.
- MTAP status is an emerging biomarker for synthetic lethality strategies, particularly with PRMT5 inhibition.
- Understanding MTAP alterations is crucial for developing novel pan-cancer therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the literature on MTAP deletions or loss of expression in adult and pediatric solid and hematologic cancers.
- To summarize the prevalence and prognostic impact of MTAP alterations.
- To identify MTAP as a potential pan-cancer therapeutic target.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review adhering to PRISMA methodology.
- Inclusion of studies reporting on MTAP deletion or loss across various cancer types.
- Synthesis of data on prevalence, laboratory testing, patient characteristics, and clinical outcomes.
Main Results:
- 37 studies reporting on MTAP were identified from 352 initial studies.
- Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was the most common testing method.
- MTAP deletion prevalence varied significantly by tumor type, ranging from 4%-14% in gastric cancer to 26%-60% in glioblastoma.
- MTAP deletion was associated with a higher prevalence of KRAS mutations.
- Evidence suggests potential for worse overall survival in patients with MTAP deletions, particularly in GBM and NSCLC, though findings were heterogeneous.
Conclusions:
- This is the first systematic review to consolidate findings on MTAP deletions/loss across diverse cancer types.
- MTAP deletions and/or loss of expression are common in many cancers.
- MTAP alterations represent a promising target for developing pan-cancer therapies.
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