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The immunology of asthma
Bart N Lambrecht1,2,3, Engi Ahmed4,5,6, Hamida Hammad4,5
1Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium. bart.lambrecht@ugent.be.
Nature Immunology
|July 29, 2025
Summary
Asthma involves airway inflammation and obstruction, with immune responses playing a key role. This review integrates mouse models and clinical studies to explore asthma immunology.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Respiratory Medicine
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Background:
- Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease with variable obstruction.
- Severe asthma can lead to frequent flares and irreversible airway obstruction.
- Immune system dysfunction significantly impacts asthma pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the immunology of asthma.
- To integrate findings from mouse models and clinical studies.
- To elucidate the immune mechanisms underlying different asthma phenotypes.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on asthma immunology.
- Integration of data from preclinical mouse models.
- Analysis of clinical intervention studies in asthma patients.
Main Results:
- A significant proportion of asthma patients exhibit type 2 immunity (eosinophils, mast cells, basophils) regulated by T cells or innate lymphoid cells.
- Some asthma patients present with neutrophil-predominant inflammation.
- A subset of individuals show minimal underlying immune dysfunction.
Conclusions:
- The immune system is central to asthma pathogenesis, with distinct immunological profiles observed in different patient groups.
- Understanding these diverse immune pathways is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
- Integrating preclinical and clinical data provides a comprehensive view of asthma immunology.
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