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Experimental Study on Low-Shrinkage Concrete Mix Proportion for Post-Casting Belt of Full-Section Casting in Immersed

Bang-Yan Liang1, Wen-Huo Sun1, Chun-Lin Deng2

  • 1The Second Engineering Company of CCCC Fourth Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510230, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 30, 2025
PubMed

Keywords:
calcium–magnesium composite expansive agentconcrete crackingfull-section castingimmersed tunnelpost-casting belt

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This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
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When hardened concrete is exposed to air with a relative humidity of less than 100 percent, it begins to lose the free water within its capillaries. As this water evaporates, the water initially adsorbed onto the calcium silicate hydrates migrates towards these now empty spaces and eventually evaporates as well. Over time, as more water leaves, the volume of the concrete decreases, a phenomenon known as drying shrinkage.
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