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Dens Invaginatus: A Comprehensive Review of Classification and Clinical Approaches
Abayomi O Baruwa1, Craig Anderson2, Adam Monroe3
1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates.
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|July 30, 2025
Summary
Dens invaginatus, a dental anomaly, presents diagnostic challenges due to enamel infolding. Advanced imaging and new treatments improve management of this condition, especially in maxillary lateral incisors.
Area of Science:
- Dentistry
- Developmental Biology
- Radiology
Background:
- Dens invaginatus is a congenital dental anomaly resulting from enamel organ invagination into the dental papilla.
- This anomaly causes diverse anatomical variations, posing diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties, particularly in severe cases.
- Maxillary lateral incisors are most commonly affected due to their developmental characteristics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with dens invaginatus.
- To highlight the role of advanced imaging, specifically cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), in classifying and managing this anomaly.
- To discuss contemporary and emerging treatment strategies for dens invaginatus.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on dens invaginatus.
- Emphasis on Oehlers' classification system and its adaptation with CBCT.
- Discussion of current and future therapeutic interventions.
Main Results:
- CBCT has significantly improved the identification and classification of dens invaginatus, enabling precise assessment of invagination and pulpal involvement.
- Oehlers' classification, adapted for CBCT, remains clinically relevant for treatment planning.
- Current treatments include advanced sealing materials, microsurgery, and regenerative endodontics.
Conclusions:
- Early detection and accurate diagnosis using CBCT are crucial for preventing complications like pulpal necrosis.
- A multidisciplinary, image-guided approach is essential for optimal patient outcomes.
- Ongoing research in AI, genetics, and tissue engineering holds promise for future advancements in managing dens invaginatus.
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