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Related Experiment Videos

Disease-associated visual image degradation and spherical refractive errors in children.

J Nathan, P M Kiely, S G Crewther

    American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics
    |October 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Children with visual impairments struggle to achieve normal vision (emmetropize), often developing myopia. Early vision loss before age 3 can lead to hypermetropia, with effects lessening as the age of onset increases.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Pediatric Optometry
    • Vision Science

    Background:

    • Refractive error development in children is influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
    • Understanding the relationship between visual impairment and refractive outcomes is crucial for early intervention.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between specific disease states causing visual image degradation and refractive error in children.
    • To compare refractive error trends in children with low vision to a normal vision control group.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 496 eyes of 256 children with low vision.
    • Inclusion of refractive data from 1023 normal vision children as controls.
    • Grouping of low vision children by disease classification and age of visual disability onset.

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    Main Results:

    • Children with low vision demonstrated an inability to emmetropize, with a general trend towards myopia.
    • Myopia was associated with peripheral or combined peripheral and central vision impairment.
    • Conditions primarily impairing foveal vision showed a mild hypermetropic trend.
    • Visual impairment before age 3 tended to result in hypermetropia.
    • The deviation from emmetropia and refractive variation decreased with later age of onset.

    Conclusions:

    • The typical emmetropization process is disrupted in children with visual impairments.
    • The pattern of refractive error is linked to the location and timing of vision loss.
    • The critical period for emmetropization appears to conclude between 8 and 9 years of age.