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Design and Validation of an Active Headrest System with Integrated Sensing in Rear-End Crash Scenarios
Alexandru Ionut Radu1, Bogdan Adrian Tolea2, Horia Beles2
1Department of Automotive and Transport, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 30, 2025
Summary
This study developed an advanced multibody simulation model for rear-end collisions, improving active headrest systems. The validated model accurately predicts occupant kinematics, enhancing automotive safety.
Area of Science:
- Automotive Engineering
- Biomechanics
- Computational Mechanics
Background:
- Rear-end collisions pose significant risks, especially whiplash injuries.
- Accurate simulation of occupant kinematics is vital for advanced automotive safety systems.
- Existing models may not fully capture the dynamics of active safety features.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present an enhanced multibody simulation model for rear-end crash scenarios.
- To incorporate integrated active headrest mechanisms and sensor-based activation logic.
- To validate the model's predictive accuracy for occupant kinematics and head acceleration.
Main Methods:
- Developed an enhanced multibody simulation model using Simscape Multibody.
- Integrated detailed vehicle structures, suspension, restraint systems, and occupant biomechanics.
- Validated the model against controlled experimental crash tests, focusing on contact forces and actuator response.
Main Results:
- Achieved a root mean square error (RMSE) of 4.19 m/s² for head acceleration.
- Obtained a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.71% in validation tests.
- Demonstrated accurate reproduction of occupant kinematics and head acceleration profiles.
Conclusions:
- The enhanced multibody model accurately predicts occupant responses in rear-end collisions.
- Integrated sensor-actuator systems are crucial for improving occupant safety.
- The model serves as a flexible platform for developing intelligent vehicle safety technologies.
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