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Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...
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The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become an indispensable tool in fieldwork, offering unparalleled precision and efficiency for surveying, navigation, and infrastructure development. By harnessing signals from a constellation of satellites, GPS receivers determine the location of objects with remarkable speed and accuracy, often completing calculations within a second.Advantages of Modern GPS TechnologyContemporary GPS receivers are designed to meet the practical demands of field...
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The Global Positioning System (GPS) revolutionized positioning on Earth, providing precise location data through satellite ranging. The GPS system was developed in 1978 by the U.S. Department of Defense  for military use, and it became available for civilian applications in 1983, transforming fields including navigation, fleet management, and time synchronization for telecommunications systems.GPS consists of satellites in medium Earth orbit, about 20,200 kilometers above the surface,...
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Pixel 5 Versus Pixel 9 Pro XL-Are Android Devices Evolving Towards Better GNSS Performance?

Julián Tomaštík1, Jorge Hernández Olcina2, Šimon Saloň1

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Google Pixel 9 Pro XL shows better Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal reception than Pixel 5. However, positioning accuracy varied, with Pixel 5 excelling in open areas for single-point positioning.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Geomatics Engineering
  • Mobile Sensing
  • Satellite Navigation

Background:

  • Smartphone Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology performance varies significantly across Android devices due to hardware and software disparities.
  • Assessing GNSS capabilities in newer smartphone models is crucial for understanding advancements and limitations in mobile positioning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the GNSS signal quality and positioning accuracy of Google Pixel 5 and Pixel 9 Pro XL under diverse environmental conditions.
  • To evaluate the impact of improved signal reception on positioning performance in static measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted five-hour static GNSS measurements using Google Pixel 5 and Pixel 9 Pro XL.
  • Tested performance in three environments: open area, canopy, and indoor.
  • Analyzed raw GNSS data focusing on signal quality metrics (e.g., C/N0) and positioning accuracy (Single-Point Positioning and Precise Point Positioning).

Main Results:

  • Pixel 9 Pro XL exhibited superior signal completeness, higher carrier-to-noise density (C/N0), and better L5 frequency reception compared to Pixel 5.
  • Pixel 5 achieved better mean positional errors in open conditions for Single-Point Positioning (SPP), while Pixel 9 Pro XL performed better under canopy.
  • Static methods yielded sub-decimeter accuracy for both devices in optimal conditions; Pixel 9 Pro XL had a higher fix rate.

Conclusions:

  • Enhanced signal reception in newer smartphones like Pixel 9 Pro XL does not consistently guarantee superior positioning accuracy.
  • Challenges remain in smartphone GNSS, particularly concerning signal quality limitations and achieving precise positioning for mobile applications.
  • Future research should focus on software enhancements and external correction sources to improve GNSS accuracy for mobile users.