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Related Concept Videos

Line Protection with Impedance Relays01:27

Line Protection with Impedance Relays

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Coordinating time-delay overcurrent relays in complex radial systems and directional overcurrent relays in multi-source transmission loops can be challenging. Impedance relays address these issues by responding to the voltage-to-current ratio, specifically measuring the apparent impedance of a line. These relays become more sensitive during faults as current increases and voltage decreases, thereby reducing the apparent impedance.
Under normal conditions, low load currents keep the measured...
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Controlled current coulometry, also known as amperostatic coulometry, is a technique used in electrochemical analysis to measure the quantity of a substance through the controlled passage of current. It involves the application of a constant current to an electrochemical cell containing the analyte of interest. As the current flows through the cell, the analyte undergoes a redox reaction at the electrode surface, resulting in a charge transfer. By monitoring the time required for a certain...
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Amperometry is a technique commonly used to measure the concentration of specific analytes in a solution by monitoring the electric current generated during an electrochemical reaction. It involves applying a constant potential between a working electrode and a reference electrode to measure the resulting current, which is proportional to the concentration of the analyte. The Clark oxygen electrode operates based on this principle of amperometry. It consists of a cathode and an anode enclosed...
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Polarography is a classical voltammetric technique used to analyze electrochemical reactions. This method applies a linear potential sweep to a dropping mercury electrode (DME), and the resulting current is measured. A dropping mercury electrode is commonly used as the working electrode in polarography. It consists of a capillary tube filled with mercury, where the tiny droplet forms at the tip. This droplet continuously drops from the capillary, creating a new electrode surface for each...
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Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Method for Recording Broadband High Resolution Emission Spectra of Laboratory Lightning Arcs
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Current Sensor with Optimized Linearity for Lightning Impulse Current Measurement.

Wenting Li1, Yinglong Diao1, Feng Zhou1

  • 1China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces new impulse current measurement devices for high-current applications up to mega-amperes. These devices are validated as reliable standards for accurate impulse current measurement.

Keywords:
lightning impulse currentlinearityscale factor

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Metrology
  • High-Current Measurement Technology

Background:

  • Impulse current measurement is critical in power systems, aerospace, and pulsed power applications.
  • The demand for measuring higher impulse currents, reaching mega-amperes, is increasing with technological advancements.
  • Accurate calibration of impulse current measurement devices relies on comparison with standard devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce two novel high-impulse current measurement devices.
  • To experimentally evaluate the scale factor and response characteristics of these sensors.
  • To present a scale factor extension calibration method for sensors exceeding 100 kA.

Main Methods:

  • Development of two distinct high-impulse current measurement devices.
  • Experimental analysis of sensor scale factor and response characteristics.
  • Implementation and testing of a scale factor extension calibration method for currents >100 kA.

Main Results:

  • The developed impulse current measurement devices demonstrated reliable performance.
  • Experimental data confirmed the accuracy of the scale factor and response characteristics.
  • The scale factor extension calibration method proved effective for high-current ranges.

Conclusions:

  • The newly developed impulse current measurement devices are suitable for use as standard measurement devices.
  • These devices meet the requirements for accurate measurement in high-impulse current applications.
  • The research contributes to advancing the field of high-current metrology.