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Drug Delivery: Overview

Drug Delivery: Overview

The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.

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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Generation of Alginate Microspheres for Biomedical Applications

Generation of Alginate Microspheres for Biomedical Applications

Published on: August 12, 2012

Novel Core-Shell Aerogel Formulation for Drug Delivery Based on Alginate and Konjac Glucomannan: Rational Design

Carlos Illanes-Bordomás¹, Mariana Landin¹, Carlos A García-González¹

¹AerogelsLab, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

|July 30, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Novel alginate-konjac glucomannan aerogel particles were created for drug delivery. AI optimization achieved ideal hydrogel formation, yielding particles with high surface area, but drug release requires further modification.

Keywords:

aerogels alginate artificial intelligence tools coated particles konjac glucomannan porous particles supercritical CO2

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Last Updated: Sep 13, 2025

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Preparation of Biopolymer Aerogels Using Green Solvents

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Published on: July 4, 2016

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Biomaterials Engineering
Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

Developing effective drug delivery systems requires precise control over particle fabrication.
Alginate and konjac glucomannan are biocompatible polymers with potential for controlled release applications.
Air-assisted coaxial prilling offers a method for creating complex particle structures.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and optimize the fabrication of alginate-konjac glucomannan core-shell aerogel particles using air-assisted coaxial prilling.
To evaluate the structural properties and drug loading/release characteristics of the fabricated aerogel particles.
To demonstrate the utility of AI-driven optimization for complex biomaterial fabrication.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of core-shell aerogel particles using air-assisted coaxial prilling.
Optimization of six processing variables (polymer concentrations, pressures, airflow, nozzle configuration) using hybrid Artificial Neural Networks and genetic algorithms.
Characterization of particle size distribution, morphology, specific surface area (via BET analysis), and drug release profiles (vancomycin hydrochloride, dexamethasone base).

Main Results:

AI optimization achieved a 100% desirable solution for hydrogel formation.
Optimal particles exhibited a log-normal size distribution (average diameter 1.57 mm) and high specific surface area (201 m²/g) after supercritical CO2 drying.
Drug loading was successful, with burst release observed for dexamethasone (80% in 10 min) and medium-dependent release for vancomycin hydrochloride.

Conclusions:

Alginate-konjac glucomannan aerogel particles can be successfully fabricated using AI-optimized air-assisted coaxial prilling.
The aerogels possess favorable structural properties for drug delivery applications.
Coating modifications are necessary to achieve desired drug release kinetics, particularly for sustained release.