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Current Trends of Human Adenovirus Types Among Hospitalized Children-A Systematic Review
Janina Soler Wenglein1,2,3, Luca Scarsella2,4, Christine Kotlewski1
1Department of Pediatrics, Protestant Hospital of the Bethel Foundation, Medical School and University Medical Center East Westphalia-Lippe, Bielefeld University, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany.
Insights
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are common pathogens in children, causing various illnesses. This review synthesizes global data on prevalent HAdV types and their associated pediatric infections, emphasizing respiratory and neurological diseases.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are significant pathogens, particularly in pediatric and immunocompromised populations, presenting a wide spectrum of illnesses.
- Specific HAdV types, including B3, E4, B7, B14, B21, G55, and B66, are linked to severe lower respiratory tract infections, leading to increased hospitalization and mortality.
- Understanding the prevalence and clinical impact of diverse HAdV types in children is crucial for public health.
Approach:
- A systematic literature search was conducted across MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science.
- 1167 titles and abstracts were screened, with 105 full-text articles assessed for eligibility following PRISMA and JBI guidelines.
- A systematic and narrative approach was used to synthesize data on 16 currently circulating HAdV types in pediatric populations.
Key Points:
- HAdV-B3 and HAdV-B7 are frequently associated with severe respiratory tract infections in children.
- HAdV-F40 and HAdV-F41 are primary causes of acute gastroenteritis in pediatric patients.
- HAdV-C2 plays a critical role in neurological infections, necessitating focused attention.
Conclusions:
- This comprehensive analysis underscores the global distribution and varied clinical manifestations of HAdV types in children.
- Continued surveillance of HAdVs epidemiology is essential for informing public health strategies and developing preventive measures.
- Particular attention should be given to vulnerable pediatric populations due to the significant implications of HAdV infections.
Abstract:
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are pathogens causing different illnesses, particularly in pediatric and immunocompromised patients in developed countries. The clinical spectrum of HAdV-infections ranges from mild to severe, and the clinical presentation varies widely. Certain HAdVs types, including types B3, E4, B7, B14, B21, G55, and B66, may be associated with lower respiratory tract infections and thus lead to higher hospitalization, increased morbidity, as well as lethality rates. The aim of this article is to synthesize and analyze the prevalence of specific HAdV types in pediatric patients worldwide. A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. In total, n = 1167 titles and abstracts were screened, and 105 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Screening, data extraction, and appraisal were analyzed by reviewers, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and JBI recommendations. We included studies reporting on currently circulating HAdV types (n = 16). Based on a systematic and narrative approach, relevant types of HAdV biology and infections in children are presented. In detail, HAdV-B3 and HAdV-B7 were commonly associated with severe respiratory tract infections, while HAdV-F40 and HAdV-F41 caused acute gastroenteritis. Moreover, detailed research revealed the critical role of HAdV-C2 and the necessity for particular attention to HAdVs in acute neurological infections. This comprehensive analysis highlights the significant global distribution and diverse clinical implications of different HAdV types in children, pointing out the need for continued surveillance to better understand HAdVs epidemiology and its implications for public health, and future preventive measures, in particular among vulnerable patients.
