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Recent Progress in the Vaccine Development Against Epstein-Barr Virus.

Yihao Dai1, Botian Zhang1, Luming Yang1

  • 1School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.

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|July 30, 2025
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Summary

Developing effective Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) vaccines is crucial due to widespread infection and associated diseases. This review explores EBV biology, antigens, and diverse vaccine platforms, highlighting progress and challenges in vaccine development.

Keywords:
Epstein–Barr virusglycoproteinvaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a globally prevalent human herpesvirus, with latent infection in ~95% of adults.
  • EBV is linked to significant diseases, including cancers and neurological disorders, underscoring the need for vaccines.
  • Current EBV vaccine development is a priority due to the substantial disease burden.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of EBV biology and pathogenesis.
  • To identify key viral antigens as potential vaccine targets.
  • To summarize advances in various EBV vaccine platforms and their preclinical/clinical evidence.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on EBV biology, pathogenesis, and immune evasion.
  • Analysis of viral antigens (gp350, gp42, gH/gL, latency proteins) for vaccine potential.
  • Summary of diverse vaccine platforms: subunit, viral vector, nanoparticle, and mRNA.

Main Results:

  • EBV's biological structure and immune evasion mechanisms are detailed.
  • Key viral antigens are identified as promising targets for vaccine design.
  • Various vaccine platforms show preclinical and clinical promise, though none are approved.

Conclusions:

  • The review provides a comprehensive overview of the current EBV vaccine research landscape.
  • It highlights the potential of multiple vaccine platforms and targets for future development.
  • Further research is needed to bring an effective EBV vaccine to clinical use.