Preparation and printing optimization of an organic carrier for silver paste on the front side of solar cells

The rheological properties and screen-printing behavior of silver paste on the front side of solar cells are critical for achieving high-resolution electrode patterns. This study investigates the viscosity and thixotropy of organic carriers, analyzes the screen printing performance of conductive silver paste, and systematically examines the key factors affecting grid line formation. The results indicate that shorter ethyl cellulose chains reduce the silver paste viscosity under high shear rates, enhancing its suitability for screen printing. The addition of 1 wt% polyamide wax to the organic carrier yields optimal thixotropic recovery. During the fine-line printing process, the speed and downward pressure of the squeegee affect the width and height of the grid lines. Ultimately, an organic carrier formulation with excellent thixotropic and rheological properties was developed.