Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hydration of Cement

Hydration of Cement

Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.

Superplasticizers

Superplasticizers

Superplasticizers are advanced admixtures that enhance the workability of concrete by lowering the water content without compromising the strength of the material. These substances are highly effective water reducers, improving concrete flow, making it easier to work with, and enabling concrete to reach inaccessible areas or densely reinforced sections without mechanical vibration. The key components in superplasticizers are either sulfonated melamine or naphthalene formaldehyde condensates,...

Pozzolans

Pozzolans

Pozzolans are siliceous or aluminous materials blended with Portland cement. They interact with the calcium hydroxide produced during the hydration of Portland cement and contribute to improved strength and durability of concrete. The pozzolanic activity, a measure of a pozzolan's effectiveness, is typically assessed using the strength activity index, as defined in ASTM C 618-93, which calculates the ratio of the compressive strength of cement mixtures with and without pozzolan.
Fly ash is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A rugged life: how host-microbiome adaptations associated with the semi-feral lifestyle of gayal (Bos frontalis).

NPJ biofilms and microbiomes·2026

Same author

A scalable framework for UAV-based point cloud reconstruction and organ segmentation of field-grown cotton in complex field environments.

Frontiers in plant science·2026

Same author

Explainable machine learning for the early differentiation of pediatric bronchopneumonia using routine laboratory parameters.

PloS one·2026

Same author

Day-Long Persistent Luminescence in Intrinsically Integrated Donor-Acceptor Carbon Dots Enabled by Defect-Mediated Charge Trapping.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Same author

Dietary Fat and Fiber Divergently Control Intestinal Nanoplastic Bioaccumulation through Gut Motility and Barrier Pathways.

Environmental science & technology·2026

Same author

Ecotype-Specific Drilosphere Microbiome Reprogramming Influencing Microplastic Impacts on Soil Carbon-Nitrogen Characteristics and Earthworm Health.

Environmental science & technology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Anaerobic Microbiota Research Using a Novel Respirometry Protocol

Author Spotlight: Advancing Anaerobic Microbiota Research Using a Novel Respirometry Protocol

Published on: April 26, 2024

Hydration performance and optimization of multi-solid waste composite calcined sewage sludge.

Juntao Ma¹, Hao Zheng¹, Hao Qiu¹

¹International Joint Research Lab for Eco-building Materials and Engineering of Henan, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Zhengzhou 450045 China majuntao@ncwu.edu.cn.

|July 30, 2025

Summary

This study co-calcined sewage sludge with carbide slag and phosphogypsum to create a sustainable construction material. The optimized process yields a cement replacement with 85% compressive strength of ordinary Portland cement, reduced cost, and lower carbon emissions.

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Integrated Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Carbonization for Bioenergy Production

Evaluation of Integrated Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Carbonization for Bioenergy Production

Published on: June 15, 2014

Extraction of Structural Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Aerobic Granular Sludge

Extraction of Structural Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Aerobic Granular Sludge

Published on: September 26, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Anaerobic Microbiota Research Using a Novel Respirometry Protocol

Author Spotlight: Advancing Anaerobic Microbiota Research Using a Novel Respirometry Protocol

Published on: April 26, 2024

Evaluation of Integrated Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Carbonization for Bioenergy Production

Evaluation of Integrated Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Carbonization for Bioenergy Production

Published on: June 15, 2014

Extraction of Structural Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Aerobic Granular Sludge

Extraction of Structural Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Aerobic Granular Sludge

Published on: September 26, 2016

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Civil Engineering
Environmental Science

Background:

Rising sewage sludge (SS) production necessitates sustainable utilization in construction materials.
Global carbon neutrality goals drive demand for eco-friendly alternatives to ordinary Portland cement (OPC).
Thermally activated sludge often exhibits insufficient cementitious activity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the co-calcination of sewage sludge (SS) with calcium-rich wastes (carbide slag - CS, phosphogypsum - PG).
To enhance the cementitious properties of thermally treated SS for use as a partial OPC replacement.
To optimize calcination conditions and additive proportions for improved material performance and sustainability.

Main Methods:

Co-calcination of SS with CS and PG at 800-1000 °C.
Characterization of calcined materials and pastes using XRD, FTIR, SEM, T2NMR, and TG-DSC.
Evaluation of paste properties, including hydration products, porosity, and compressive strength.
Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization.

Main Results:

Calcination at 800 °C converted SS minerals into amorphous reactive phases, boosting pozzolanic activity.
Co-calcination with CS and PG promoted anorthite and calcium aluminate gel formation, enhancing hydration (AFt, CH) and reducing porosity.
Optimal conditions (882.45 °C, 14.78% CS, 2.62% PG) yielded a material with 85% OPC compressive strength, reduced cost, and lower carbon footprint.

Conclusions:

Co-calcination of SS with CS and PG significantly improves its cementitious properties.
The developed material offers a sustainable alternative to OPC, suitable for low-strength engineering applications.
This approach contributes to waste valorization and carbon neutrality goals in the construction industry.