Pathologic Myopia

Pathologic myopia is defined by a refractive error exceeding -6.00 diopters with associated degenerative retinal changes due to axial elongation. Key risk factors include increased age, axial length, and high myopic spherical equivalent. Clinical presentation often begins in childhood and may include visual symptoms like scotomas and metamorphopsias. Fundus findings may include posterior staphyloma, tilted optic disc, and chorioretinal atrophy, among others. Advanced complications include lacquer cracks, Fuchs spots, and myopic traction maculopathy. Imaging modalities like OCT, FA, and OCT-A are crucial in monitoring disease progression and detecting complications. Early diagnosis and monitoring are essential to mitigate progressive vision loss.