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Related Concept Videos

Instrument Calibration01:12

Instrument Calibration

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Instrument calibration is essential for ensuring that instruments produce accurate and consistent results. It is vital in manufacturing, healthcare, testing laboratories, and scientific research. Calibration processes are specific to each instrument and help enhance data accuracy. Each instrument has a unique calibration process tailored to its design and function to improve data accuracy.
Analytical Balance Calibration
An analytical balance measures mass and requires regular calibration to...
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X-ray Imaging01:24

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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A calibration curve is a plot of the instrument's response against a series of known concentrations of a substance. This curve is used to set the instrument response levels, using the substance and its concentrations as standards. Alternatively, or additionally, an equation is fitted to the calibration curve plot and subsequently used to calculate the unknown concentrations of other samples reliably.
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Accurate calibration of glassware, such as volumetric flasks, pipettes, and burettes, is essential to ensure accurate measurements in the analytical laboratory. Calibration helps maintain consistency across measurements and prevents errors arising from inaccurate volumes.
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Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such measurements result in exact numbers. By counting the eggs in a carton, for instance, one can determine exactly how many eggs are there in the carton. Similarly, the numbers of defined quantities are also exact. For example, 1 foot is exactly 12 inches, 1 inch is exactly 2.54 centimeters, and 1 gram is exactly 0.001 kilograms. Quantities...
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Calibration services for X-ray multimeters in Europe: current situation and future needs.

Ivana Komatina1, Vedrana Makarić2, Miloš Živanović3

  • 1Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, Vinča, Belgrade 11351, Serbia; Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia.

Physica Medica : PM : an International Journal Devoted to the Applications of Physics to Medicine and Biology : Official Journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)
|July 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Calibration services for X-ray multimeters (XMMs) are limited beyond air kerma measurements. Harmonized procedures and improved calibration are needed for accurate diagnostic and interventional radiology quality control.

Keywords:
AccuracyCalibrationCalibration capabilitiesCalibration coefficientDosimetryDosimetry laboratoryMedical PhysicsMetrologyQuality ControlRadiation qualitiesStandardizationTraMeXITraceabilityUncertaintyVerificationX-ray ImagingX-ray multimeter

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Metrology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • X-ray multimeters (XMMs) are crucial for optimizing diagnostic and interventional radiology procedures.
  • Current standardization and metrological support for XMMs require improvement, with a lack of harmonized calibration procedures for all measured quantities.
  • Limited data exists on XMM performance under various clinical conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the calibration needs and current state of calibration services for XMMs.
  • To identify standardization gaps and areas requiring improved metrological support for XMMs.

Main Methods:

  • An overview of existing standards was conducted.
  • Surveys were distributed to clinical medical physicists and calibration laboratories.
  • The key comparison database was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Calibration services for air kerma measurements are widely available.
  • Calibration services for other XMM quantities are scarce, with few laboratories capable of performing them.
  • Standardization gaps and non-harmonized calibration/measurement procedures were identified for quantities beyond air kerma.

Conclusions:

  • New, harmonized calibration services are essential for XMMs, particularly for parameters other than air kerma.
  • Reducing measurement uncertainty for specific quantities requires further investigation.
  • The TraMeXI project will develop new procedures for dissemination to relevant communities.