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Is the temporal binding effect in the Libet clock-task based in spatial working memory? A correlational and a

Markus Siebertz¹, Petra Jansen¹

¹Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.

Consciousness and Cognition

|July 30, 2025

Summary

This study explored if spatial working memory influences intentional binding in the Libet clock task. Results indicate that spatial memory processes do not underlie the observed binding effects.

Keywords:

Intentional binding Libet clock Sense of agency Working memory

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

Intentional binding, the perceived temporal shift between action and outcome, is often linked to sense of agency.
An alternative theory proposes that spatial working memory processes contribute to intentional binding.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether spatial working memory processes, rather than sense of agency, underlie intentional binding in the Libet clock task.
To test the hypothesis that manipulating spatial working memory load affects intentional binding.

Main Methods:

Experiment 1 used a correlational design with young adults performing the Libet clock task and spatial/visual 2-back tasks.
Experiment 2 employed a dual-task design, assessing the Libet clock task within spatial and visual memory task retention intervals.

Main Results:

Experiment 1 found a weak correlation between outcome binding and spatial 2-back task performance.
Experiment 2 did not yield conclusive evidence that spatial memory load impacts binding.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that intentional binding in the Libet clock task is not primarily driven by spatial working memory processes.
This challenges the proposed alternative theory and reinforces the need for further investigation into the mechanisms of intentional binding.