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Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
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Multistimuli-Responsive Copper(I) Complexes Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence.

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|July 31, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two new copper(I) complexes exhibit reversible multistimuli-responsive luminescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence. Their luminescence is tunable by structural modifications, offering insights into designing advanced luminescent materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Photochemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • Multistimuli-responsive luminescence is crucial for advanced optical materials.
  • Copper(I) complexes offer potential for efficient luminescence and stimuli-responsiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel Cu(I) heteroleptic complexes with distinct N-heterocyclic fragments.
  • To investigate the multistimuli-responsive luminescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties of these complexes.
  • To explore structure-property relationships for tuning luminescence characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of two Cu(I) heteroleptic complexes (1 and 2) with pyrazinyl and pyridyl ligands.
  • Characterization of luminescence properties under various stimuli (grinding, heating, solvent vapor).
  • Structural analysis using single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Both complexes demonstrated reversible multistimuli-responsive luminescence and TADF.
  • The luminescence switching mechanism was attributed to the reversible breaking and formation of NH···O hydrogen bonds.
  • Luminescent color and contrast were modulated by structural modifications, such as N-atom incorporation in the pyridyl ring.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully designed Cu(I) complexes with tunable multistimuli-responsive luminescence.
  • Rational modification of diimine heterocyclic skeletons is key for developing low-cost luminescent materials with adjustable optical properties.
  • These findings provide valuable insights for the design of advanced responsive luminescent materials.