Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 13, 2025
Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
Published on: February 9, 2024
Temporal trends and geographic disparities in thyroid cancer burden: a global analysis from 1990 to 2021
Zuzhi Zhao1, Yinghao Fan1, Peng Sun1
1Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Background:
Over the past 40 years, the global incidence of thyroid cancer has increased steadily. This study aimed to update the evaluation of thyroid cancer prevalence, incidence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) rates from 1990 to 2021, with a focus on integrating prevalence data. Analyses were stratified by gender, age, and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) at global, regional, and national levels.
Methods:
Data were obtained from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to quantify temporal trends and evaluate age - standardized rates for prevalence (ASPR), incidence (ASIR), mortality (ASDR), and DALYs.
Results:
In 2021, the global thyroid cancer burden was substantial, with 1,987,148.5 cases. From 1990 to 2021, the ASPR increased from 14.9 (95% Uncertainty Interval [UI]: 14.1-16.0) to 23.1 (95% UI: 20.7-25.6) per 100,000 population, with an EAPC of 1.58 (95% UI: 1.44-1.73); the ASIR increased from 2.1 (95% UI: 2-2.2) to 2.9 (95% UI: 2.6-3.2) per 100,000 population, with an EAPC of 1.25 (95% UI: 1.14-1.37); the ASDR declined from 0.6 (95% UI: 0.5-0.6) to 0.5 (95% UI: 0.5-0.6) per 100,000 population, with an EAPC of -0.24 (95% UI: -0.24 - -0.21); the age - standardized DALY rate decreased from 15.2 (95% UI: 14.2-16.8) to 14.6 (95% UI: 12.8-16.1) per 100,000 population, with an EAPC of -0.14 (95% UI: -0.17 - -0.11). Western Sub-Saharan Africa had the lowest rates, while high-income North America had the highest ASPR and ASIR, and Andean Latin America had the highest ASDR. Higher SDI regions showed higher ASPR and ASIR, whereas lower SDI regions had higher ASDR. Saudi Arabia had the highest ASPR and ASIR, and Ethiopia had the highest ASDR and age-standardized DALY rate.
Conclusion:
From 1990 to 2021, the global health burden of thyroid cancer increased significantly, with marked geographical disparities. Prevention and control strategies should consider the unequal global distribution of the disease.
More Related Videos
06:08Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Published on: June 2, 2023
03:55Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
Published on: June 9, 2023
Related Concept Videos
01:23The Thyroid Gland
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
01:08Prevalence and Incidence
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health...
01:20Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
02:07Tumor Progression
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
01:18Functions of Thyroid Hormones
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
01:21Cancer Survival Analysis