Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

6.3K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
6.3K
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

26.5K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
26.5K
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

1.1K
IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
1.1K
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

1.3K
When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0%...
1.3K
IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching01:24

IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching

1.1K
In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of  2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in...
1.1K
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

7.0K
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
7.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Report on the 2025 DICOM WSI Connectathon.

Journal of pathology informatics·2026
Same author

Iris RESTful Server and IrisTileSource: An Iris implementation for existing OpenSeaDragon viewers.

Journal of pathology informatics·2026
Same author

Weakly supervised deep learning-based detection of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma in fallopian tubes.

Journal of pathology informatics·2025
Same author

Maintaining and broadening DICOM adoption in digital pathology: A response to "wearing a fur coat in the summertime".

Journal of pathology informatics·2025
Same author

Utility of Mobile 3D Scanner Applications in Gross Pathology Examination: The Future of Macroscopy?

International journal of surgical pathology·2025
Same author

Iris: A Next Generation Digital Pathology Rendering Engine.

Journal of pathology informatics·2025
Same journal

An automated end-to-end pipeline for the management, de-identification, and distribution of whole-slide images using DICOM: An institutional implementation.

Journal of pathology informatics·2026
Same journal

Automatic framework for PD-L1 expression evaluation in Latino patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Journal of pathology informatics·2026
Same journal

Erratum to "Pathologists in Venice - Real world cases for an immersive training experience": Education, gaming, and show. <i>Journal of Pathology Informatics</i>, Volume 17, 2025, 100418.

Journal of pathology informatics·2026
Same journal

Erratum to PIRO: A web-based search platform for pathology reports, leveraging large language models to generate discrete searchable insights. <i>Journal of Pathology Informatics</i>, Volume 17, 2025, 100436.

Journal of pathology informatics·2026
Same journal

Erratum regarding missing Declaration of Competing Interest statements in previously published articles.

Journal of pathology informatics·2026
Same journal

An integrated AI pipeline for automated cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow karyograms in hematological malignancies: A Pix2Pix enhancement and deep learning detection approach.

Journal of pathology informatics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Biomolecular Detection employing the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor IRIS
11:04

Biomolecular Detection employing the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor IRIS

Published on: May 3, 2011

14.8K

The Iris File Extension.

Ryan Erik Landvater1, Michael David Olp1, Mustafa Yousif1

  • 1University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Pathology, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor 48109-2800, MI, USA.

Journal of Pathology Informatics
|July 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new Iris file extension offers a vendor-agnostic digital pathology format for efficient real-time image transfer and display. This format addresses the performance needs of whole slide imaging viewer systems.

Keywords:
DICOMDigital pathologyFile formatFile specificationIrisPerformance digital pathologyWhole slide image

More Related Videos

A Novel RFP Reporter to Aid in the Visualization of the Eye Imaginal Disc in Drosophila
06:07

A Novel RFP Reporter to Aid in the Visualization of the Eye Imaginal Disc in Drosophila

Published on: December 15, 2009

10.6K
Combining Imaging and Electrophysiology to Visualize and Record Spreading Depolarizations in Mice
07:06

Combining Imaging and Electrophysiology to Visualize and Record Spreading Depolarizations in Mice

Published on: October 4, 2024

557

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Biomolecular Detection employing the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor IRIS
11:04

Biomolecular Detection employing the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor IRIS

Published on: May 3, 2011

14.8K
A Novel RFP Reporter to Aid in the Visualization of the Eye Imaginal Disc in Drosophila
06:07

A Novel RFP Reporter to Aid in the Visualization of the Eye Imaginal Disc in Drosophila

Published on: December 15, 2009

10.6K
Combining Imaging and Electrophysiology to Visualize and Record Spreading Depolarizations in Mice
07:06

Combining Imaging and Electrophysiology to Visualize and Record Spreading Depolarizations in Mice

Published on: October 4, 2024

557

Area of Science:

  • Digital Pathology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Computer Science

Background:

  • Digital pathology adoption necessitates efficient data formats for real-time transfer and display.
  • Existing standards like DICOM, designed for radiology, do not meet the specific performance demands of whole slide imaging (WSI).
  • There is an unmet need for a vendor-agnostic binary slide format optimized for performance in digital pathology workflows.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce the Iris file extension, a novel binary container specification.
  • Design Iris to optimize performance for whole slide image (WSI) viewer systems.
  • Provide an open-source solution for efficient digital pathology data handling.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a binary container specification (Iris file extension) focusing on performance.
  • Incorporated modern compression, dynamic structure, optional metadata, and validation features.
  • Created source code for (de)serialization and validation, with C++, Python, and JavaScript support.
  • Released open-source encoder/decoder implementations and language bindings.

Main Results:

  • The Iris file extension specification is defined, emphasizing performance for WSI viewers.
  • The specification includes features like compression, dynamic structure, optional metadata, validation, and recovery.
  • Open-source tools and libraries for Iris are available in C++, Python, and JavaScript.
  • The Iris specification is released under a Creative Commons license.

Conclusions:

  • The Iris file extension provides a performant, vendor-agnostic solution for digital pathology.
  • It addresses the limitations of existing formats for real-time WSI display and transfer.
  • The open-source availability facilitates integration into existing digital pathology solutions.