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From Spurious Interference to Biological Signal: Repurposing Weather Radars to Monitor and Study the Amazonian

Maria C T D Belotti1, Victória de Souza Wojahn2, Carlos Augusto Morales Rodriguez3

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Amazonian roosts of swallows and martins are active year-round, peaking from January to May. These tropical aggregations are significantly larger than North American pre-migratory roosts, highlighting the Amazon

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Area of Science:

  • Ornithology and Tropical Ecology
  • Avian Migration and Behavior

Background:

  • Swallows and martins form large nonbreeding aggregations, typically disappearing with migratory journeys.
  • The Amazon Rainforest exhibits year-round communal roosts with varying species composition, unlike temperate regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe temporal and spatial patterns of swallow and martin roost size in the Amazon Rainforest.
  • To compare Amazonian roosting patterns with pre-migratory roosts in the Great Lakes region of North America.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized S-band Doppler weather radar data from Manaus, Brazil, over two years (2014, 2015).
  • Analyzed temporal and spatial patterns of roost size and biomass density.
  • Compared radar-derived data with ground observations and data from the Great Lakes region.

Main Results:

  • Roosting activity in the Amazon near Manaus occurs throughout the year, with peaks from January to May, likely dominated by Purple Martins.
  • The average daily number of birds in Manaus roosts in 2015 was up to 7 times larger than in the Great Lakes, despite a smaller sampled area.
  • Findings confirm the significant role of the Amazon Rainforest in supporting large, year-round swallow and martin aggregations.

Conclusions:

  • The Amazon Rainforest is a critical habitat for both resident and migratory swallow and martin populations.
  • Year-round roosting in the Amazon may facilitate interactions between Nearctic-Neotropical and Austral migratory systems.
  • This study underscores the ecological importance of tropical rainforests for migratory bird populations across hemispheres.