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Atraumatic Splenic Rupture Associated With Epstein-Barr Virus: A Case Report

Daniel Alejandro Gamón Briseño1, Ana Lucia Luna Sada2, Nora Lis Flores Olmos3

  • 1Department of General Surgery, Hospital General Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE) Zacatecas, Zacatecas, MEX.

Cureus
|July 31, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection can cause rare atraumatic splenic rupture (ASR). Prompt recognition and emergency splenectomy are crucial for patients with abdominal symptoms and hemodynamic instability.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious diseases
  • Viral infections
  • Surgical emergencies

Background:

  • Infectious mononucleosis, caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is usually self-limiting.
  • Rarely, EBV infection can lead to severe complications like atraumatic splenic rupture (ASR).

Observation:

  • A 16-year-old female presented with left upper quadrant pain and peritoneal signs.
  • Initial labs showed anemia and leukocytosis.
  • CT imaging revealed free intra-abdominal fluid and a perisplenic hematoma, suggesting splenic rupture.

Findings:

  • The patient's condition was diagnosed as atraumatic splenic rupture in the context of acute EBV infection.
  • Emergency splenectomy was performed due to hemodynamic instability.
  • The patient experienced a good postoperative recovery.

Implications:

  • ASR is an uncommon but life-threatening complication of mononucleosis.
  • Early diagnosis and surgical intervention are critical for managing ASR in EBV-infected patients.
  • Abdominal symptoms in EBV patients warrant thorough investigation for splenic complications.
Keywords:
acute abdomenepstein-barr virus infectionsspleensplenectomysplenic rupture

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