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Multiple Comparison Tests01:13

Multiple Comparison Tests

Multiple comparison test, abbreviated as MCT, is a post hoc analysis generally performed after comparing multiple samples with one or more tests. An MCT will help identify a significantly different sample among multiple samples or a factor among multiple factors.
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Related Experiment Video

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Potential Efficacy of the MOVERS Professional Development Programme: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial.

Kalina M Kazmierska-Kowalewska1,2, Anthony D Okely2,3, Iram Siraj4,5

  • 1School of Education, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.

Child: Care, Health and Development
|July 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study shows a professional development program improved early childhood education environments and children's motor and numeracy skills. The program enhanced educator practice, leading to better child development outcomes in movement and numeracy.

Keywords:
early childhood educationliteracymotor skillsnumeracyphysical activityprofessional developmentquality

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Area of Science:

  • Early Childhood Education
  • Pedagogy and Practice
  • Child Development

Background:

  • High-quality early childhood education (ECE) environments are crucial for positive child outcomes.
  • This study investigated a professional development (PD) program's impact on ECE movement environments and child skills.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a PD program on improving ECE movement environment quality.
  • To assess the program's effect on children's physical activity, motor skills, literacy, and numeracy.

Main Methods:

  • A 6-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 157 children across 5 ECE services.
  • Intervention group received a 5-session PD program focusing on theory, practice, and reflection.
  • Outcomes measured included ECE movement environment quality (MOVERS), gross motor skills (TGMD-2), physical activity, fine motor skills (ASQ-3), vocabulary (PPVT-4), and numeracy (PENS).

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements in ECE movement environment quality with large effect sizes (d=1.77-9.35).
  • Medium to large effect sizes for gross motor skills (d=0.68-1.23) and small to medium for numeracy (d=0.43-0.63).
  • A greater proportion of children in the intervention group improved from at-risk or delayed fine motor skills to normal development.

Conclusions:

  • The MOVERS PD pilot program effectively enhanced educators' pedagogy and practice.
  • The program led to improvements in children's gross and fine motor skills, and numeracy skills.
  • Larger sample sizes are recommended for future studies to confirm these findings.