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Axion Mass Prediction from Adaptive Mesh Refinement Cosmological Lattice Simulations.

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The quantum chromodynamics (QCD) axion mass, crucial for dark matter abundance, was precisely computed using advanced simulations. New findings suggest the axion mass could be up to 300 μeV, impacting future experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Particle Physics
  • Astrophysics

Background:

  • The quantum chromodynamics (QCD) axion is a hypothetical particle proposed to solve the strong CP problem.
  • Its abundance as cold dark matter (DM) depends on its mass, which is linked to the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry breaking scale.
  • Axion strings and their radiation are key to predicting this mass, informing experimental searches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To precisely compute the spectral index of axion radiation emitted by axion strings.
  • To refine the prediction of the QCD axion mass based on new simulation results.
  • To investigate the impact of the QCD phase transition on axion production.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized large-scale simulations of the axion-string network with adaptive mesh refinement.
  • Achieved high precision comparable to a static lattice of 262,144^3 sites.
  • Analyzed the spectral index of axion radiation from strings.

Main Results:

  • Found a scale-invariant axion radiation spectrum with 1% precision.
  • Observed no evolution in the spectral index of radiation over time.
  • Predicted an axion mass of approximately 45–65 μeV from string radiation before the QCD phase transition.

Conclusions:

  • Preliminary evidence suggests increased axion production during the QCD phase transition's string-domain-wall network collapse.
  • This could elevate the predicted axion mass to as high as 300 μeV.
  • The refined mass prediction has significant implications for ongoing and future dark matter experiments.