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Intrinsic Thermal Hall Effect in Mott Insulators.

Jixun K Ding1,2, Emily Z Zhang1,3,4, Wen O Wang1,2

  • 1SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|July 31, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A simple Mott insulator does not sustain a thermal Hall effect. However, simulations show the Hubbard model with magnetic fields does, requiring broken time-reversal and particle-hole symmetry for this thermal conductivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Materials
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Recent experiments show a significant thermal Hall effect in square lattice antiferromagnetic Mott insulators.
  • A simple spin-only model with noninteracting magnons predicts no thermal Hall effect in Mott insulators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate if a Mott insulator can sustain a finite thermal Hall effect.
  • Identify the necessary conditions and physical mechanisms for observing this effect.

Main Methods:

  • Determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the single-band Hubbard model.
  • Semiclassical Boltzmann analysis of magnon-magnon scattering.
  • Symmetry analysis considering time-reversal and particle-hole symmetry breaking.

Main Results:

  • The Hubbard model coupled to an orbital magnetic field supports a finite thermal Hall effect in the Mott insulating phase when specific parameters (t'≠0, B≠0) are met.
  • Time-reversal and particle-hole symmetry breaking are identified as necessary conditions.
  • Magnon-magnon scattering provides a physical mechanism for transverse thermal conductivity.

Conclusions:

  • Square and triangular lattices with SU(2) symmetry can exhibit a finite thermal Hall effect.
  • The magnon contribution to the thermal Hall effect in insulating magnets should be reconsidered.
  • Experimental data on thermal Hall effects in insulating magnets warrants critical reexamination.