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Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current01:14

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An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
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Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)01:07

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Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling.  This phenomenon, called the Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring...
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The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
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All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
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Enhancing DUNE's Solar Neutrino Capabilities with Neutral-Current Detection.

Stephan A Meighen-Berger1,2, Jayden L Newstead1,3, John F Beacom2,4,5

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The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) can precisely measure solar neutrino flux using neutral-current interactions. This capability will enable highly accurate measurements of fundamental neutrino properties and new physics tests.

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Area of Science:

  • Particle physics
  • Astrophysics
  • Neutrino physics

Background:

  • Solar neutrinos provide insights into stellar processes and fundamental physics.
  • Previous experiments like SNO have precisely measured neutrino oscillations.
  • The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation neutrino observatory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate DUNE's potential for precise measurement of the ^{8}B solar neutrino flux via neutral-current (NC) interactions.
  • To complement existing and proposed DUNE measurements of solar neutrinos using charged-current (CC) interactions.
  • To enable precise determination of neutrino mixing parameters (sin^{2}θ_{12} and Δm_{21}^{2}) using solar neutrinos.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing neutral-current (NC) interactions of solar neutrinos with argon in DUNE.
  • Leveraging planned charged-current (CC) interactions with argon and mixed CC/NC interactions with electrons.
  • Comparing DUNE's solar neutrino results with those from reactor antineutrino experiments like JUNO.

Main Results:

  • DUNE can precisely measure the total active flux of ^{8}B solar neutrinos.
  • This measurement, combined with other DUNE data, allows for SNO-like comparisons.
  • Potential for unprecedented tests of new physics by comparing DUNE and JUNO results.

Conclusions:

  • DUNE has significant potential to advance solar neutrino physics.
  • Dedicated efforts to enhance low-energy capabilities and reduce cross-section uncertainties are crucial.
  • Combined analysis of DUNE and JUNO data offers a powerful probe for new physics beyond the Standard Model.