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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers
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Infant Toddler Court Teams, Reunification, Time to Permanency, and Placement Stability: Evidence From a Study Using

Ann M Stacks1, Ashley N Rousson2, Lyndsey Kondor1,2

  • 1Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.

Child Maltreatment
|July 31, 2025
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The infant-toddler court program significantly increased reunification for young children in foster care. This specialized court approach shows promise for improving child welfare outcomes.

Keywords:
early childhoodfamily preservationfoster careinfant mental healthintervention efficacylegal system innovation

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Area of Science:

  • Child Welfare Research
  • Family Law and Policy
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Children under three experience disproportionately high rates of foster care entry.
  • Evidence-based interventions for infants and toddlers in child welfare are limited.
  • Specialized court programs aim to improve outcomes for vulnerable young children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of an infant-toddler court program on child welfare case outcomes.
  • To compare reunification rates, time to permanency, and placement stability between specialized court cases and usual services.
  • To assess the program's effectiveness in a diverse jurisdiction serving predominantly Black families.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative study design using propensity score matching.
  • Analysis of 60 cases from an infant-toddler court docket versus 240 matched controls.
  • Application of Fine-Gray competing risks regression to analyze time-to-event data.

Main Results:

  • Infant-toddler court cases showed a doubled likelihood of reunification (SHR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.45-2.88).
  • No significant differences were found in time to permanency or placement stability.
  • Positive outcomes were observed in a setting with high rates of kinship placement and serving predominantly Black families.

Conclusions:

  • Specialized infant-toddler court programs can significantly enhance family reunification for young children in foster care.
  • The model demonstrates effectiveness in diverse child welfare settings, supporting family preservation.
  • Broader implementation of infant-toddler courts is recommended to improve outcomes for children in the child welfare system.