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Specialized pro-resolving mediators and autoimmunity: Recent insights and future perspectives
Marta Vomero1, Ludovica Lamberti2, Erika Corberi2
1Clinical unit of Immunorheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy.
Autoimmunity Reviews
|July 31, 2025
Summary
Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are crucial for resolving inflammation and restoring homeostasis. Dysregulation of SPMs is linked to rheumatic diseases, suggesting therapeutic potential for SPMs and fish oil supplements.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Biochemistry
- Rheumatology
Background:
- Inflammation is a complex biological response to injury, involving initiation and resolution phases.
- While acute inflammation is protective, its persistence can lead to chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
- Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are key to resolving inflammation, repairing tissue, and maintaining homeostasis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the role of SPMs in the resolution of inflammation.
- To investigate the link between SPM dysregulation and the development of rheumatic diseases.
- To evaluate the therapeutic potential of SPMs and their precursors in chronic inflammatory conditions.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on SPM biosynthesis and function.
- Analysis of studies investigating SPM profiles in various rheumatic diseases.
- Examination of the therapeutic implications of SPMs and fish oil supplementation.
Main Results:
- SPMs orchestrate the resolution phase of inflammation, promoting tissue repair and homeostasis.
- Altered SPM profiles are observed in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, and other rheumatic conditions.
- SPM dysregulation is associated with impaired viral clearance and adaptive immunity.
Conclusions:
- SPMs play a critical role in resolving inflammation and maintaining immune balance.
- Aberrant SPM activity contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases.
- Synthetic SPMs and fish oil supplements show promise for managing chronic inflammatory diseases.
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