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Related Concept Videos

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Virus Delivery of CRISPR Guides to the Murine Prostate for Gene Alteration
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Prostate cancer germline variants with therapeutic implications.

Masoud Bitaraf1, Elena Castro2, Nima Sharifi1

  • 1Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.

Trends in Molecular Medicine
|July 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Prostate cancer heritability is linked to genetic variants in DNA repair and androgen pathways. Actionable variants like BRCA1/2 and HSD3B1 offer targeted treatment opportunities for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
BRCA, HSD3B1androgengermline variantprostate cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Prostate cancer is a highly heritable malignancy with significant mortality.
  • Germline alterations in DNA repair and androgen synthesis genes correlate with adverse outcomes.
  • Prevalent pathogenic variants include BRCA1, BRCA2, and HSD3B1, impacting disease risk and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of pathogenic germline alterations in prostate cancer.
  • To focus on common and clinically actionable genetic variants.
  • To highlight therapeutic implications of these genetic findings.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on prostate cancer genetics.
  • Analysis of germline alterations in DNA repair and androgen synthesis pathways.
  • Examination of clinical data on variant prevalence and treatment response.

Main Results:

  • BRCA1, BRCA2, and HSD3B1 are the most common pathogenic germline alterations in advanced prostate cancer.
  • These variants are associated with increased risk and progression of prostate cancer.
  • Pharmacological targeting of these variants shows promise.

Conclusions:

  • Germline variants in BRCA1/2 and HSD3B1 are critical in prostate cancer development and progression.
  • PARP inhibitors offer survival benefits for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.
  • HSD3B1 variants may benefit from intensified androgen blockade.