Efficacy of 75% alcohol wet compress therapy for iodinated contrast media extravasation: a randomized controlled...

To evaluate the efficacy of 75% alcohol wet compression as a noninvasive treatment for contrast medium extravasation (CMEX) during contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT).

This randomized controlled trial, conducted from February 1, 2019, to July 1, 2023, at six tertiary centers, involved participants undergoing CMEX during CECT. They were randomized (1:1:1:1) into four groups: 75% alcohol wet compress (AG), 50% magnesium sulfate wet compression (MG), 0.05% dexamethasone wet compression (DG), and routine care (RG). The primary outcome was the percentage change in the swelling area from baseline to 4 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, categorized as < 25%, 25-50%, 50-75%, and 75-100%. Secondary outcomes included pain reduction and quality of life improvement over 3 days, assessed using the visual analog pain intensity scale (VAS) and dermatology life quality index (DLQI), respectively.

Overall, 168 participants were randomized with balanced baseline characteristics. At 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, AG and DG had significantly higher response rates (75-100%) than MG and RG (all p < 0.001), with no differences between AG and DG (all p > 0.05). AG showed greater reductions in pain score (ΔVAS: 4.88 vs 3.52 vs 3.29 vs 3.19, p < 0.001) and DLQI score (ΔDLQI: 11.60 vs 7.81 vs 7.86 vs 7.48, p < 0.001) than DG, MG, and RG.

The 75% alcohol wet compress was as effective as the 0.05% dexamethasone wet compression and superior to other CMEX treatment methods, providing more effective pain relief and improving the quality of life.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: ChiCTR2300067692.

Question Can 75% alcohol wet compression outperform standard treatments for CMEX in reducing swelling, alleviating pain, and improving quality of life? Findings Seventy-five percent alcohol compresses rival dexamethasone's efficacy while surpassing other treatments for pain and quality-of-life outcomes. Clinical relevance Seventy-five percent alcohol wet compression provides a steroid-free CMEX treatment, effectively resolving extravasation like dexamethasone while offering superior pain control and quality-of-life enhancement, potentially transforming clinical practice.