Research progress on chimeric antigen receptor-based immunotherapy against autoimmune diseases

Emerging as a paradigm-shifting therapeutic strategy initially developed for hematological malignancies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based cell therapy has recently proved transformative potential in autoimmune disease management. CAR T cell therapy has achieved long-term remission without drugs in a variety of autoimmune diseases. Chimeric autoantigen receptor T cell therapy targeting specific B cell receptors has transitioned from preclinical research to clinical trials. CAR natural killer cell therapy has shown promising efficacy and safety in early-stage clinical trials. The evolution of CAR regulatory T cell and mesenchymal stem cell therapy has also achieved initial results. These achievements have greatly inspired researchers, and more research is being actively carried out in the field of autoimmune diseases, aiming to develop more efficient, safe and convenient cell products. This article will detail the effectiveness and applicability of CAR-based immunotherapy in the management of autoimmune diseases, and explore its limitations and future trends.