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Investigating Human Factors and Ergonomics research: a 4S framework.

Yuchu Chen^1,2, Xupu Chen^1,2, Shanguang Chen³

¹Center for Psychological Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

|August 1, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) research in special domains like healthcare and military is limited, with most studies using simulations rather than real-world settings. Collaboration between academia and industry is notable.

Keywords:

4S framework content analysis human factors and ergonomics trend analysis

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Area of Science:

Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE)
Applied Psychology
Systems Engineering

Background:

Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) has historical roots in specialized fields, including military applications.
The extent to which contemporary HFE research continues to address these critical special domains remains under-examined.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze trends in Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) research focused on special domains between 2011 and 2023.
To evaluate the methodologies, settings, and populations utilized in HFE studies targeting specialized environments.

Main Methods:

A systematic review of articles published in 'Ergonomics' and 'Human Factors' journals from 2011 to 2023.
Application of the 4S framework (special environments, machines, tasks, humans) to categorize research characteristics.
Analysis of study settings (low-fidelity vs. real-world), machine involvement, task types, operator representation, and research collaborations.

Main Results:

Less than one-third of reviewed articles addressed special domains, primarily healthcare, military, and aviation.
Nearly half of these studies utilized low-fidelity environments, with only about 10% conducted in real-world settings.
Skill-based tasks dominated experimental designs, while real machines and front-line operators were included in 18.1% and ~50% of studies, respectively. One-third involved academic-industry collaboration.

Conclusions:

Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) research in special domains is relatively scarce, with a significant reliance on simulated environments.
There is a need to increase the use of real-world settings and authentic operational contexts to enhance the ecological validity of HFE research in specialized fields.
The findings highlight opportunities for improving the relevance and impact of HFE research for critical operational domains.