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Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance

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Metal-induced conformational changes in the Sabiá virus spike complex.

Hadas Cohen-Dvashi¹, Michael Katz¹, Ron Diskin²

¹Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

Nature Microbiology

|August 1, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers revealed the Sabiá virus spike protein structure, crucial for understanding hemorrhagic fever viruses. This finding clarifies differences in viral entry mechanisms among Arenaviridae family members.

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Area of Science:

Structural biology
Virology
Molecular mechanisms

Background:

Arenaviridae viruses, including hemorrhagic fever viruses, pose significant public health risks due to their potential for lethal outbreaks and limited therapeutic options.
Structural data for 'Old World' arenavirus spike proteins exist, but a lack of corresponding structures for 'New World' arenaviruses, like Sabiá virus, hinders comparative analysis of viral entry mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the structure of the Sabiá virus spike complex, responsible for mediating viral attachment and host cell entry.
To elucidate the conformational states of the Sabiá virus spike protein and identify factors influencing its activation during cell entry.

Main Methods:

Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) was employed to resolve the structure of the isolated Sabiá virus spike complex.
High-resolution structural analysis was performed on two distinct conformational states of the spike protein.

Main Results:

The study presents the cryo-EM structure of the Sabiá virus spike complex in both its native closed state (2.6 Å resolution) and an open state (2.9 Å resolution) adopted during cell entry.
The conformational transition of the spike protein to its open state and subsequent cell entry were found to be dependent on acidic pH and an unidentified metal ion.

Conclusions:

The determined structures provide critical insights into the molecular architecture of a 'New World' arenavirus spike protein.
Findings suggest potential divergence in cell entry mechanisms between clade B arenaviruses and other members of the Arenaviridae family, highlighting the need for further investigation into arenavirus diversity.