Protective role of cooked rice modified with complex enzymes on chronic disease in mice

Cooked rice granules were modified by β-amylase (BA), transglucosidase (TG) and pullulanase (PUL). The results indicated that liver and kidney indexes of diabetic mice (DC) fed by cooked BA/TG/PUL-modified rice (BA/TG/PUL-MR) decreased by 10.97 and 8.28 %, respectively, whereas spleen index increased by 20 %. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased by 23.61, 26.92 and 18.75 %, respectively, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) increased by 30.83 %. Blood glucose decreased by 33.3 % and serum insulin increased by 28.57 %. Acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid contents remarkably increased by 2.54, 3.59 and 6.26 folds, respectively. Compared to DC group, the malondialdehyde (MDA) in BA/TG/PUL-MR groups significantly decreased from 13.95 to 9.88 μmol/L, and urea nitrogen decreased by 47.28 %, indicating BA/TG/PUL-MR prevented the damage of free radicals and repaired kidney deficiency. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) decreased from 3.43 and 2.65 × 10^-9 g/L, indicating BA/TG/PUL-MR had anti-inflammatory action and improved renal healing.