Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

55.3K
Overview
55.3K
From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

19.1K
The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
19.1K
The Central Dogma01:25

The Central Dogma

128.5K
Overview
128.5K
Genome Copying Errors02:46

Genome Copying Errors

4.4K
DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
4.4K
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.2K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.2K
Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

203
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
203

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mapping the evolutionary and translational landscape of antibiotic resistance genes in Elizabethkingia anopheles.

Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG·2026
Same author

Evolution and Functional Implications of Codon Usage Bias in Eukaryotes.

Journal of molecular evolution·2026
Same author

Interplay between codon usage and ribosome heterogeneity: A new layer of translational regulation.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2025
Same author

Analysis of Preferred Codon Usage in the ZIKA Virus Genome and Their Implications for Genome Evolution and Vaccine Design.

Indian journal of microbiology·2025
Same author

Distinct codon usage signatures reflecting evolutionary and pathogenic adaptation in the Acinetobacter baumannii complex.

European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology·2025
Same author

Codon Usage Evolution in Viruses: Implications for Survival and Pathogenicity.

Journal of molecular evolution·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Identifying Amino Acid Overproducers Using Rare-Codon-Rich Markers
10:41

Identifying Amino Acid Overproducers Using Rare-Codon-Rich Markers

Published on: June 24, 2019

8.5K

Codon usage and antibiotic resistance: A hidden evolutionary mechanism.

Ujwal Dahal1, Anu Bansal1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, 144411, India.

Biochimie
|August 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Antibiotic resistance is evolving through codon usage, impacting pathogen evolution. Understanding codon optimization offers new strategies against multidrug-resistant infections.

Keywords:
Antibiotic resistanceCodon usageComparative genomicsSynonymous mutationsTranslational control

More Related Videos

Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids
11:56

Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids

Published on: May 4, 2018

12.6K
Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance
09:00

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

Published on: May 2, 2018

11.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Identifying Amino Acid Overproducers Using Rare-Codon-Rich Markers
10:41

Identifying Amino Acid Overproducers Using Rare-Codon-Rich Markers

Published on: June 24, 2019

8.5K
Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids
11:56

Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids

Published on: May 4, 2018

12.6K
Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance
09:00

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

Published on: May 2, 2018

11.9K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance is a major global health threat.
  • Traditional resistance mechanisms are well-studied, but codon usage's role is emerging.
  • Pathogens like Acinetobacter baumannii, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Klebseria pneumoniae show codon optimization in resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of codon usage in antibiotic resistance evolution.
  • To highlight advanced methods for analyzing codon usage patterns.
  • To explore potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analyses using Codon Adaptation Index (CAI), Effective Number of Codons (ENC), and Relative Synonymous Codon Usage (RSCU).
  • Bioinformatic and machine learning approaches to identify codon usage shifts.
  • Experimental validation using in vitro assays, in vivo models, and synthetic biology.

Main Results:

  • Codon usage patterns differ significantly between resistant and susceptible bacterial strains.
  • Codon optimization enhances the synthesis of antibiotic resistance determinants.
  • Translational control via codon modulation contributes to antibiotic resistance under pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Codon usage is a critical factor in the evolution of antibiotic resistance.
  • Interdisciplinary approaches are needed to understand this complex interplay.
  • Insights can inform novel diagnostics and therapeutics against multidrug-resistant pathogens.