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Oregon experienced its largest paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) outbreak in May-June 2024. Rapidly increasing marine toxins in shellfish led to 42 illnesses and 7 hospitalizations, highlighting the need for faster detection methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • A significant paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) outbreak occurred on the Oregon Coast in May-June 2024.
  • The outbreak was linked to the consumption of self-harvested shellfish contaminated with marine toxins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical characteristics and exposures associated with the 2024 Oregon PSP outbreak.
  • To identify the scope of the outbreak and implement measures to prevent further illnesses.
  • To evaluate the challenges in detecting and responding to rapidly increasing marine toxin levels.

Main Methods:

  • Case identification through reports from the Oregon Poison Center and Oregon Health Authority.
  • Epidemiological investigation including clinical assessment and exposure history.
  • Analysis of paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) levels in shellfish tissue samples.

Main Results:

  • Forty-two cases of PSP were identified, with symptom onset within 5 hours of shellfish consumption.
  • Illnesses resulted in 7 hospitalizations; no deaths were reported.
  • Shellfish samples, particularly mussels, showed PST levels significantly exceeding the closure threshold, with one sample at a record high for Oregon.

Conclusions:

  • The 2024 Oregon PSP outbreak was the largest on record, characterized by a rapid increase in PST levels.
  • Timely detection and closure of harvest areas were challenged by the swift rise in toxin concentrations.
  • Enhanced rapid detection methods for PST and continued collaboration among health agencies are crucial for future outbreak prevention and response.