The gut microbiota-NLRP3 inflammasome connection: current evidence and perspectives for non-communicable diseases

Inflammasomes are cytoplasmic multiprotein complexes belonging to the innate immune system, playing a crucial role in responses to microbial infections and controlling mucosal immune responses and metabolic activities. The Nod-Like Pyrin Receptor Domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is one of the most studied and may be a key element in the relationship between gut microbiota and systemic inflammation. Chronic non-communicable diseases have been closely associated with alterations in the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) and the activation of the inflammasome complex. Dysbiosis can expose the host to pathogenic microorganisms and their metabolites, thus triggering immune and inflammatory responses. This review discusses the importance of addressing the interaction between the gut microbiota and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and its possible effects on human health. Modulation of the intestinal microbiota may be a crucial factor in preventing and mitigating inflammation, and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway appears to be substantially involved in this process.