Development of Bio-Based Active Film by the Functional Modification of Pig Collagen and Incorporated With Gallic Acid

This study investigated the synergistic effects of enzymatic hydrolysis and glycosylation on pig collagen (PC) films and the further enhancement of these films by the incorporation of gallic acid (GA). The aim of the study was to develop bio-based active films with improved functional properties for potential food packaging applications, particularly in preserving pork. The glucose hydrolyze PC (HG-PC) complex film and the GA composites (GA-HG-PC) film were prepared, and their structural, mechanical, water sensitivity, and color properties were thoroughly evaluated. The films were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), all of which confirmed the beneficial modifications achieved by the combined enzymatic and glycosylation treatments, as well as the incorporation of GA. According to the results, the GA-HG-PC film exhibited the highest elongation at break (45.12%) and the greatest tensile strength (1.13 MPa), both of which were significantly improved compared to other films (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in terms of water sensitivity, the GA-HG-PC film demonstrated the lowest swelling ratio (6.98%), water solubility (28.75%), and water vapor permeability (3.31 × 10^-12 g/(m s kPa)), indicating superior water resistance (p < 0.05). Additionally, the GA-HG-PC film exhibited improved color stability with the lowest opacity. In the meanwhile, the addition of GA significantly enhanced antioxidant properties of GA-HG-PC film, as evidenced by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of 41.04% and 36.43%, respectively (p < 0.05). Upon application to fresh pork, the GA-HG-PC film coating demonstrated a significant reduction in key quality indicators of raw meat compared to other control films. This investigation illuminated pathways for the augmentation of the functional attributes of PC films and showed a potential application of the complex films in edible food packaging materials. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The GA-HG-PC film can be used as an eco-friendly packaging material for preserving perishable foods. The GA-HG-PC film, with improved mechanical strength and reduced water sensitivity, is ideal for food packaging. This bio-based film offers a sustainable alternative to traditional packaging.