Revolutionizing Therapeutic Approaches Against Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease: A Therapeutic Review

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neuron-degenerative old age illness, which deteriorates the neuronal cells of the brain ultimately leading to dementia, decreased thinking ability and intricacy in performing daily routine activities. In most of the cases, AD is suspected to be caused by a combination of numerous factors, like environmental, genetic and lifestyle affecting the brain functioning. The present permitted treatments include N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, cholinesterase inhibitors, and their combinations, which provide only momentary and symptomatic relief. Nowadays, clinical research is interested, in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease to target the metabolism of abnormal tau protein, removal of beta-amyloid inflammatory response, the cholinergic neuron, and free radical damage, and treatments that can either stop or modify the course, of AD. Globally, efforts are continued to search new targets to invent new options for the treatment of AD. The present review critically discusses about various treatment strategies for the patients presented with AD. Moreover, herbal drug and new drug candidates, along with nanoformulations for the treatments of AD and the role of AI-based technology in searching therapy for AD have been delineated in the present article. We concluded that preventing amyloid-β (Aβ) synthesis, enhancing the removal of Aβ deposition, or preventing Aβ aggregation can suppress AD. Moreover, herbal medicines have become an attractive alternative to cure this disease with numerous beneficial effects with little side effects. Novel approaches using AI are therefore required to create treatments with novel targets that may not only cure symptoms but also prevent disease development at an early stage to improve the quality of patients' lives.