Exploring diabetic foot screening programs with integrated consolidated framework for implementation: Rapid review...

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU)s pose significant challenges for individuals with diabetes, leading to severe consequences, such as lower extremity amputations (LEA)s, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. Disorganized diabetic foot care services contribute to health inequities worldwide, highlighting the need for structured preventive measures, which require an understanding of organizational and systemic components of the implementation of foot screening programs or initiatives, including equity factors. Thus, the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) is one of the most widely used frameworks for assessing these factors and contexts. This helps to reduce the risk of failure of implementation efforts in the real world and can help to support the scaling up of preventative measures. This review aims to analyze foot screening programs or initiatives for individuals at risk of DFUs and LEAs, define their key components and implementation determinants, identify barriers and facilitators, and describe effective implementation strategies in primary care with CFIR.

A rapid review will be conducted following the Canadian method by Dobbins (2017) and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol guidelines. The research question is defined using the PICO framework. A systematic search will be conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE. Primary studies in English or French, including both primary study designs and knowledge syntheses, will be screened according to the defined eligibility criteria via Covidence. Study quality will be appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and data will be synthesized guided by the CFIR. Data synthesis will focus on implementation determinants, including barriers, facilitators, and implementation strategies.

Findings will inform policy, practice and decision making regarding the implementation of screening programs. This can promote the development of screening programs for diabetic foot complications across Canada or in other countries.