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The Muscle Cells in Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions: Systematic Review.

Ana Margarida Vieira1,2, Maria Leonor Faleiro3, Miguel Mascarenhas-Saraiva4

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Women with pelvic floor dysfunction experience anatomical muscle defects and functional impairments. These conditions increase the risk of pelvic floor disorders, highlighting the critical role of pelvic floor muscle health.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Gynecology
  • Physiotherapy

Background:

  • Pelvic floor muscles are vital for pelvic organ support, tone, and continence.
  • Dysfunction of these muscles can lead to significant health issues for women.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update the understanding of structural and functional alterations in pelvic floor muscles among women with pelvic floor dysfunctions.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/Medline and Ovid Discovery databases.
  • Included studies published between 2002 and 2022, focusing on muscle and pelvic floor dysfunction.
  • Qualitative synthesis was performed on 30 selected clinical studies involving 5592 women.

Main Results:

  • Studies revealed structural muscle defects in 3365 women and functional impairments in 2042 women across various pelvic floor dysfunctions.
  • Cellular and molecular changes were observed in 185 participants.
  • A bidirectional relationship exists: muscle defects increase dysfunction risk, and dysfunction correlates with muscle defects.

Conclusions:

  • Women with pelvic floor dysfunction exhibit anatomical muscle defects, impaired muscle function, and cellular changes affecting muscle and nerve fibers.
  • These findings underscore the link between pelvic floor muscle integrity and overall pelvic health.