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Active biological systems show microphase separation, similar to cell nucleus RNA/DNA separation. This study models active microemulsions to understand how activity impacts structure and dynamics, revealing two distinct relaxation regimes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Microphase separation is observed in active biological systems.
  • The cell nucleus exhibits RNA- and DNA-rich phase separation.
  • Polymerase enzymes drive this separation, acting like amphiphiles in microemulsions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of activity on the structure and relaxation dynamics of active microemulsions.
  • To develop an analytically tractable model for active microemulsion dynamics.
  • To understand the link between intermittent activity and system dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an analytically tractable model for active microemulsions.
  • Application of continuum theory derived from a lattice model.
  • Analysis of relaxation dynamics under intermittent activity.

Main Results:

  • The model exhibits two distinct regimes of relaxation dynamics.
  • These regimes are linked to the broken detailed balance.
  • Intermittent activity of amphiphiles is identified as the cause of broken detailed balance.

Conclusions:

  • Active microemulsions display complex relaxation dynamics.
  • Broken detailed balance due to intermittent activity is a key factor.
  • The proposed model provides insights into biological phase separation driven by activity.