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Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Technique of Porcine Liver Procurement and Orthotopic Transplantation using an Active Porto-Caval Shunt
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Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections in liver transplant recipients: Clinical impact and therapeutic

Nicole C Vissichelli1, Aldo Barajas-Ochoa2, Megan K Morales1

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.

Liver Transplantation : Official Publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society
|August 4, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) infections pose a significant threat to liver transplant recipients. This review covers VRE epidemiology and treatment strategies for these vulnerable patients.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) are a major cause of infection in liver transplant recipients.
  • VRE infections in this population are linked to high rates of illness and death.
  • Colonization with VRE increases the risk of developing VRE infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology of VRE infections in patients with end-stage liver disease and liver transplant recipients.
  • To discuss current therapeutic approaches for VRE infections in liver transplant patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of VRE epidemiology and treatment in liver transplant recipients.
  • Synthesis of data on risk factors, colonization, and infection outcomes.
  • Analysis of available antimicrobial options and treatment challenges.

Main Results:

  • VRE infections are a significant concern in liver transplant recipients.
  • Shared risk factors exist between liver transplant candidates and recipients for VRE.
  • Limited treatment options and data complicate VRE management.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding VRE epidemiology is crucial for managing infections in liver transplant recipients.
  • Effective therapeutic strategies are needed due to limited antimicrobial choices.
  • Further research is warranted to improve VRE treatment outcomes in this patient group.
Keywords:
liver transplantmulti-drug-resistantvancomycin-resistant

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