Musculoskeletal Myeloid Sarcoma: Clinical, Imaging, Management, and Outcomes in 41 Adult Patients
Rajendra Kumar1, Sinchun Hwang2, Mathew Antony1
1Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography
|August 4, 2025
Summary
Musculoskeletal myeloid sarcoma is a rare complication of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Imaging like MRI and PET-CT aids detection and monitoring, but outcomes remain poor with short survival.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Radiology
Background:
- Musculoskeletal myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare manifestation of myeloid malignancies.
- It can occur in patients with known leukemia or as an initial presentation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, management strategies, and outcomes of musculoskeletal myeloid sarcoma in adult leukemia patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 41 adult patients with biopsy-proven musculoskeletal myeloid sarcoma.
- Evaluation of clinical symptoms, imaging findings (MRI, PET-CT), treatment modalities, and survival data.
Main Results:
- Most patients had acute or chronic myeloid leukemia; some had isolated MS.
- Bone lesions were predominantly lytic; muscle tumors were often asymptomatic.
- Imaging features were nonspecific, but MRI and PET-CT were valuable for detection and monitoring.
- Mean survival after MS onset was 12.1 months for deceased patients.
Conclusions:
- Musculoskeletal myeloid sarcoma is a rare, often asymptomatic, complication of AML.
- Advanced imaging (MRI, PET-CT) is crucial for diagnosis and treatment surveillance.
- The disease carries a poor prognosis with limited survival.
Keywords:
bone myeloid sarcomaintra-articular myeloid sarcomamuscle myeloid sarcomamusculoskeletal chloromamyeloid sarcomaMore Related Videos
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